ARAŞTIRMA YÖNTEMLERİ - Deneme Sınavı - 12

Below are the steps that are important when synthetizing:

It is possible to synthesize multiple articles in one paragraph,

You note the shared issue across the articles that you want to call attention to,

Note any important differences that are relevant to your study,

And describe each article briefly in ways relevant to your study.

Transitions and their intended use when writing paragraphs

You are beginning a paragraph that continues the argument of the previous paragraph or makes a similar point - Likewise, in addition, similarly, furthermore, also, moreover

You are beginning a paragraph that contradicts or qualifies the previous paragraph - Although, yet, but, on the one hand... on the other hand, however

You want to show cause and effect - Because/Since [idea from previous paragraph], [idea for new paragraph]. Example: “Because the administration cut funding, the program’s effectiveness is diminished.”

Similarity - Also, in the same way, just as ... so too, likewise, similarly

Exception/Contrast - But, however, in spite of, on the one hand ... on the other hand, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, in contrast, on the contrary, still, yet

Time - After, afterward, at last, before, currently, during, earlier, immediately, later, meanwhile, now, recently

Cause and effect - Accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus

You want to show additional support or evidence - Additionally, again, also, and, as well, besides, equally important, further, furthermore, in addition, moreover, then

You want to give examples - For example, for instance, namely, specifically, to illustrate

You want to emphasis - Even, indeed, in fact, of course, truly

You want to conclude/Summaries - Finally, in a word, in brief, briefly, in conclusion, in the end, in the final analysis, on the whole, thus, to conclude, to summarize, in sum, to sum up, in summary

According to Lammers and Badia (2004) researchers use two major sampling techniques: probability sampling and nonprobability sampling. With probability sampling, a researcher can specify the probability of an element’s (participant’s) being included in the sample. A probability sampling scheme is one in which every unit in the population has a chance (greater than zero) of being selected in the sample, and this probability can be accurately determined. With nonprobability sampling, there is no way of estimating the probability of an element’s being included in a sample. Any sampling method where some elements of population have no chance of selection (these are sometimes referred to as ‘out of coverage’/’undercovered’), or where the probability of selection can’t be accurately determined If the researcher’s interest is in generalizing the findings derived from the sample to the general population, then probability sampling is far more useful and precise. Unfortunately, it is also much more difficult and expensive than nonprobability sampling.

Phenomenology: The goal of phenomenological research is to describe participants’ experiences in a specific context and understand a phenomenon. For example, what is it like to be homeless in İstanbul or in Ankara?

T Tests: There was a significant effect for gender, t(54) = 5.43, p < .001, with men receiving higher scores than women

The answer is A.

The answer is C.

The answer is E.

The answer is B.

The answer is C.

The answer is E.

The answer is E.

The answer is D.

The answer is B.

The answer is C.

The answer is D.

The answer is A.

Some of the difficulties of conducting the mixed methods research are as follows:

Since MMR needs a vast amount of resources, time and expertise compared to a single method, it is not easy to implement and can be difficult for an individual novice researcher. The correct answer is E.

Five major objectives or motivations exist for conducting MMR. The first one is ‘triangulation’, which provides validation and concurrence of results gained from various methods and designs investigating the same circumstance. ‘Complementarity’, as the second motivation, seeks for further detailing, improvement, interpretation and description of the results obtained from one method with results from the other method. The third one is ‘initiation’, which means unearthing the bias, and discrepancies that cause re-designing of the research question. ‘Development’, the fourth motivation, includes utilizing the findings from one method to deliver clues to other method. The last motivation, ‘expansion’, seeks to expand the size of research with different methods for different investigation factors. The correct answer is B.

One of the weaknesses of MMR is that methodological purists contend that one should always work within either a qualitative or quantitative paradigm. This can lead to the rejection of the studies by editors or referees who adopt only one research paradigm. The correct answer is C.