BALKANLAR - Deneme Sınavı - 2

Southeast Europe

Ottomanism

The First Balkan War ended in1913.

The Pact of Balkan Entente was signed in 1934.

The Second Balkan Conference was held in İstanbul in October 1931.

The Saadabad Pact, was signed by Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan in 1937.

The Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations and Protocol signed in 1923.

Because of the Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations and Protocol signed in 1923, 200,000 immigrants were emigrated to Greece.

During the Cold War, three states in the region predominated in Turkey’s Balkan policy: Bulgaria, Greece and Yugoslavia.

Greece and Turkey became a member in 1952.

After the end of the Second World War, a new war – the Cold War – began in the world among
the winners of the Second World War. The correct answer is A.

Tito structured the republic consisting of six socialist republics – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia – and two autonomous regions – Kosovo and Vojvodina – to grant governmental rights to all peoples that form the state. Albania was not a member of SFRY. The correct answer is C.

Market socialism, which is an expression of the inclusion of liberalism or market economy in the
socialist order, was put forward as of 1965 in Yugoslavia. The correct answer is B.

The most dominant group in Yugoslavia was the Serbs with a rate of 35% in the whole population (Çınar, 2019, 21). The correct answer is A.

The rotating presidency procedure or the Collective Presidency Council, which was
implemented after Tito’s death, was seen as one of the structural reasons behind the dissolution. The correct answer is D.

Slovenia and Croatia, were in favor of liberalization and decentralization (Abazi, 2007, 39). As a matter of fact, it was not a coincidence that the dissolution started with these two countries. The correct answer is A.

With the regulations in 1965 and 1971, decentralization came to the fore in both political and economic fields. Thus, the transition from centrally planned economies to market-based economies was realized (Çınar, 2019, 22). This, in turn, resulted in the republics working on their own territory and for themselves. This situation, which further increased the development difference between the republics, also triggered ethnic conflicts. The correct answer is B.

Following Tito’s death, Slovenian and Croatian leaders favored a looser and decentralized administration, while Serbian leader Milošević favored a more centralized administration (Baskin and Pickering, 2011, 283-284). The correct answer is C.

Germany was the first state to recognize Slovenia’s independence due to the historical relations between them. The correct answer is C.

Turkish foreign policy towards Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria and Albania, where there is a large Turkish and/or Muslim population, has been perceived as a threat by Greece (Kırlıdökme, 2016, 61). The correct answer is E.