BÖLGESEL ÖRGÜTLER - Deneme Sınavı - 16

Liberals (idealists, rationalists) think differently. They suggest that States are not (potential) enemies but (potential) partners, as they basically stand for providing welfare and peace to their respective citizens. It then means that cooperation especially in between economically coherent States is vital.

Organizations set up their bodies and organs in line with their purposes, goals, principles and even number of members. The duly take into account regional and international climate, as well. Organization have, or create in the course of time, bodies deemed necessary for the fulfilment of organizational purposes and functions. Yet they all, almost as a rule, basically have three main bodies: Secretariat, plenary assemble and specially authorised body.

Secretariat is the body that in fact both supplies and represents the legal personality of the organization.

First modern organizations were established in 19th century in order accommodate postal communication and land, sea and rail transportation at a regional level.

Nevertheless, first, the highest available standard is something different from the highest possible standard. Second, as such hegemonic States are usually the main sources or contributors of the root-causes of the problem in question, their suggestions usually shares the burdens with co-members unevenly to their best advantage. In short, although common problems de nitely need joint institutional solutions, such endeavours cannot be analysed as politics-free technical steps to the good of all.

Best known and most quoted theories of international politics are realism and liberalism (idealism, rationalism). ere are also a wide range of theories that oppose these two, which are usually referred to as critical theories/approaches, such as Marxism, feminism, constructivism and so on.

Secretary-General, normally elected by the plenary assemble of the member States, represents the organization externally at the international level.

Organizations, on the other hand, are also open to observer members which are sometimes called “contact States”, “dialog partners” etc..

Tere are two decision-making models in organizations: Consensus and voting.

Peacekeeping, humanitarian affairs, economic and social development, and protection of human rights are major cooperation areas.

The UN Charter recognized regionalism explicitly by devoting its Chapter VIII to the provisions governing the relationship between the regional arrangements and agencies and the UN with the aim of maintaining international peace and security.

Regional systems were vindicated in two respects: collective resort to the right of self-defence in case of an armed attack, and priority of regional arrangements in the peaceful settlement of disputes (Art. 52/2).

Even if a certain organization were founded as anArticle51self-defence organization,it is accepted that they may implement the Security Council’s decisions adopted according to the of Chapter VIII. For this, one of its main tasks stipulated in its founding treaty must be keeping peace and security in its region, but this goal does not have to be its essential task.

The regional organizations support UN activities by providing information, collaborating in the implementation of programmes and projects, organize conferences, and develop policies.

Tese ve regional groups are Africa (GAFS), Asia-Paci c (GASS), Eastern Europe (EEC), Latin America and Caribbean (GRULAC), Western Europe and Other States (WEOG).

The Republic of Cyprus, an EU member, is in the GASS.

The World Bank Group adopts a categorization comprised of six regions.

For the legal basis of the peacekeeping operations, there are two arguments: Chapter VI (peaceful solution of international disputes), and as an unwritten amendment of the Charter, Chapter VI,5.

New regional organizations were established in order to cope with the political, economic and security challenges of the postwar era. NATO, Warsaw Pact and the European Coal and Steel Community can be considered as examples of these organizations.

Regionalism “Political will to create a formal arrangement among states on a geographically restricted basis. Since its main participants are governments, it can be expressed as an artificial, top-down process.”