DİPLOMASİ

Origins of modern diplomacy date back to Italian city states in the 14th century.

This treaty is regarded as the beginning of modern and secular state formation in diplomatic history. Westphalia Treaty can be considered as the first international conference of the European states which ended Thirty Years War between Habsburgs and Bourbons in 1648.

This institution was the predecessor of the United Nations which was established by the victorious states of WWI on January 10, 1920.

Main actors in the UN are the United States, Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), the Great Britain, France and China.

NGOs are non-profit, voluntary citizens’ organizations acting on national, regional or international levels out of the jurisdiction of states. They provide monitoring for the implementation of decisions and treaties on various issues ranging from environment to human rights.

Ministry of foreign affairs have different names in different countries like Foreign Office in the UK and State Department in the US.

The first ministry of foreign affairs in today’s understanding was established in France in the 1620s by Cardinal Richelieu after three centuries from the establishment of modern diplomatic missions.

Until the end of WWI, bilateral diplomacy kept its hegemony in the international relations.

The basic objective of the UN is to protect sovereignty of its member states and world peace.

Multilateral diplomacy became popular after WWII although it was originated from the Vienna Congress in 1815 due to the diversification of problems in this period.