DÜNYA MEDENİYETLERİNE GİRİŞ - Deneme Sınavı - 5

450 years

i. Roman culture wasn’t faithful to its origins.
ii. All social classes were not satisfied.
iii. The excess of wealth
iv. The greed for power

The legend that recites the story of the founders of Rome is Romulus and Remus

Jupiter is one of the six male gods that resembled the Zeus of Greece

Mithraism is the Roman religion related to astrology and advanced the idea of fatalism avowing a lack of personal responsibility for what happens in life.

Emperor Constantine brought Christianity to the Roman Empire and renamed Byzantium the New Rome

In the early years of the Roman Empire, the majority of the citizens belonged to the lower class which was called plebeians.

Cincinnatus is one of the most famous military heroes of Rome who gained fame due to his selfless devotion to the Republic.

Galen is one of the outstanding physicians and medical philosophers of history and became an expert on anatomy, physiology, pathology and pharmacology.

Livy is the last Roman to write a full history from the origins of the Roman Republic through 9 BCE in Latin.

Lucretius is the author of “On the Nature of Things”.

Byzantine society consisted of both wealthy landowners and small farmers, the latter of whom were often drafted into military service in exchange for land from the government.

The Roman Republic transformed into the mighty Roman Empire with the dictatorship of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE and the ascension to power of Augustus Caesar in 31 CE.

The influence of ancient Greece and its culture was immense, and thus many residents of Constantinople continued to worship the old Greek gods. Emperor Justinian put a stop to this in 528 CE, when he forced all pagans to undergo Christian baptism.

Emperor Leo III was convinced that idol worship was sinful. In 726 CE, he implemented a policy which sought to abolish image worship.

Arcadius ruled the Eastern Empire from 395 to 408 CE and his brother Honorius served as Western Roman Emperor from 393 to 423.

Much of the population was educated. In the early years of the empire the greatest university was at Athens. The university was moved from Athens to Constantinople by Emperor Justinian in the sixth century because of his concern over the strong pagan traditions of Athens.

The immense work of codification resulted in the Codex Justinianus, later known as the Code of Justinian or, after a printed edition of 1583, appeared as the Corpus Juris Civilis. This became the basis for civil law throughout Western Europe. It was written and distributed in Latin.

Justinian’s church Santa Sophia was not the first to be erected on the site. The original building was set in place by the Emperor Constantius in 360 CE. The church burned in 404 CE and was rebuilt by the Emperor Theodosius II in 415 CE.

The city of Byzantium was named after its half mythical founder, Byzas.