DÜNYA MEDENİYETLERİNE GİRİŞ

Since the highly productive soil of the Tigris-Euphrates valley can be described in ancient Greek as “the Land Between the Rivers,” this valley has been known as Mesopotamia. The correct answer is C.

The Sumerians (5000-2300 BCE) were the first humans known to form a civilization. They invented city, government, and writing - the frame of civilization. The correct answer is D.

There were many myths and legends about these gods and goddesses. Sumerian religion evolved out of a polytheistic pantheon whose principal deities were the god of air (Enlil), water (Enki), earth (Ki), and heaven  (An). TThe correct answer is A.

The ziggurats were not a place where public acts or ceremonies were performed, but were considered the dwelling place of the gods. Thanks to the ziggurat, people could be close to the gods. Each city had its own god or goddess, and the priests of that city had access to the interior of the ziggurat. There, attended to the needs of the gods, which made the priests a powerful element of society. The correct answer is C.

The first important set of rules or code of laws was fashioned by Hammurabi, the King of Babylon around 2000 BCE. The correct answer is B.

According to Hammurabi’s laws, if anyone is committing robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death. The correct answer is B.

As Sumerian towns grew into cities, the people needed a way to keep track of business transactions, ownership rights, and government records. Around 3300 BCE the Sumerians began to use picture symbols marked into clay tablets to keep their records. The correct answer is A.

Mathematics and science were based on a sexagesimal (base 60) numeral system. This is the source of the contemporary 60-minute hour, the 24-hour day, and the 360-degree circle. The Sumerian calendar was based on a seven-day week. Mesopotamian astronomers worked out a 12-month calendar based on the cycles of the moon. The correct answer is E.

In the city of Ur, most people were buried in family graves under their houses, along with some possessions. A few of the deceased have been found wrapped in mats and carpets. Deceased children were put in big jars or urns, which were placed in the family chapel. Other remains have been found buried in common city graveyards. The correct answer is B.

The Mesopotamian Civilization was the first complex civilization. There followed on the same ground the following people who dominated this civilization’s development, activities, and fall and built subsequent ones. The Sumerians (5000-2300 BCE) were the first humans known to form a civilization. The Akkadians (2334 – 2193 BCE) came next. Then the Babylonians (2004-1595 BCE and 625-539 BCE) established the city of Babylon, which became the most influential city in Mesopotamia and they dominated the territory. The Assyrians (870-612 BCE) came from the northern part of Mesopotamia. They were a warrior society. They also reigned much of the Middle East at different periods over the history of Mesopotamia. The Persians (539-323 BCE) laid an end to the rule of the Assyrians and the Babylonians. They conquered much of the Middle East including Mesopotamia. The correct answer is D.

There were Specialized workers, complex institutions and improved technology in mesopotamian cities and  written records   were kept.

They had permanent settlement so tey could  Start  Agriculture   and Domesticate  Dog  and Goat. as a result the hunting act decreased.

All of them (i. -ii -iii -iv) were among the contributions.

They used mud brick.

It was not a place for public so ii-iii-iv are correct.

the correct options are : Nobles were the group consisting of king and his family, the chief priest and high place officers  and Clients were free men and women who were dependant on nobility and Commoners had a voice in political affairs.

the wrong points are: Clients received large amounts of land in return for their labor  (they received small priors of land) and   Commoners were free citizens who were dependent on nobility (they were independent of mobility).

i. One of his chief concerns was that every wrong act should be punished.   ii. He made 282 laws.   iii. Laws about witchcraft , robbery, buying and selling were among the laws he made.   iv. What is important about Hammurabi laws is that though they seem brutal they are the first of mankind’s attempts to codify law.  the wrong one is : v.According to him the man who suffered should not be paid, because he gave importance to paying the one who suffered.

All of the four statements are true for assrians.

statements iii and iv are NOT correct because sumerian writing lasted very long and it consisted signs for numbers.

Correct answer is (i-ii).

i. Urban planning was developed.  ii. Major cities had stone- paved streets. 

iii. Wheel was first used for transpotation.   

v. World’s first boats were built. These were the characteristics of the infra structure but not  iv. Canal system was underdeveloped because they could sail their boats along the canals and carried out trade.