KÜRESEL GÜNEY VE YÜKSELEN GÜÇLER - Deneme Sınavı - 2

"Lesotho, an independent country, is an enclave in the eastern part of the republic, entirely surrounded by South African territory. "

"The British occupied the Cape in 1795, ending the Dutch East India Company’s role in the region.. The infrastructure of the colony began to change: English replaced Dutch as the language of administration; the British pound sterling replaced the Dutch rix-dollar; and newspaper publishing began in Cape Town in 1824. "

The frictions among the groups in South Africa led to a war in the late 1800s. "In September 1899 the two Boer republics gave an ultimatum to Britain, and, when it expired, Afrikaans-speaking Boer forces invaded Natal, which led to the South African War (1899-1902)." One cannot deduce from the information given that the settlers were assimilated to one cultural and lingustic mold by the şate 19th century.

"Apartheid (Origins: Afrikaans: “apartness”)...designates the policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa."

"Education for blacks was left largely to Christian missionaries, whose resources, even when augmented by small government grants, enabled them to enroll only a small proportion of the black population".

"The most important domestic agency created during Mandela’s presidency was the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), which was established to review atrocities committed during the apartheid years."

"Nelson Mandela was sworn in as president of the new South Africa on May 10 (1994)...  Nelson Mandela, the country’s beloved former president and ANC icon who had passed away on December 5, 2013."

"Some of the newer actors in Africa, particularly China, recognize the utility of soft power in advancing their interests on the continent. China has embarked on a robust public diplomacy and outreach to Africa, using its considerable diplomatic presence, its media and Confucius Institutes as vehicles."

"BRICS (acronym of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) is an intergovernmental group, gathering five major emerging national economies.  ..South Africa’s position is however far closer to that of Brazil, India, and China within the BASIC group than to that of other African countries."

"...the factors like vast natural resources (such as gold, diamonds and platinum,) its infrastructure, a culture of innovation, easy access to finance for business, a stable macro and micro financial climate, an advanced banking system, and functioning regulatory frameworks worked for its favor. These factors were decisive in integrating South Africa in this grouping." Also see the paragraph at page 165 of the textbook which reads that in Africa "many states have been experiencing strong economic growth, albeit with slow improvement in living standards."

"60% of Indonesia’s population resides on Java Island, with a population density of 940-1,117 persons per square kilometer and seven cities with over a million people".

"The official religions acknowledged in Indonesia include Islam, Confucianism, Catholicism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Protestantism."

" Due to the Netherlands’ decline to renounce its control over Indonesia, Sukarno collaborated with the Japanese residents promoting the declaration of independence in 1945 through a constitution. However, the Dutch rejected this independence till 1949..."

"Domestic and foreign policy power battles are the highlight of Sukarno’s two-decade rule. Sukarno’s neglect of the economy resulted in a drastic rise in inflation. In his last years as president, Indonesia recorded inflation rates estimated at over 100% per annum".

Sudan is not a Sub-Saharan country

Industrial revolution is one major reason for European interest in Africa in the 19th century.

Pan Africanism led to the formation of the Organization of African Unity

Rwanda experienced genocide involving a violent confrontation between Hutus and Tutsis

"Suharto’s succession marked the lapse of the New Order and the start of the Reform Period. This era included five presidencies..."

In terms of democracy, from a contemporary perspective, the only sub- Saharan African countries which demonstrate considerable progress are Angola and Ethiopia