KÜRESEL POLİTİK EKONOMİ - Deneme Sınavı - 11

With the Industrial Revolution, population growth has been experienced and with the mechanization in the agricultural sector, the same piece of land has been able to feed more people. The Industrial Revolution began in England in the second half of the 18th century. Doğru yanıt " A " dır.

Manchester liberalism is the name of the movement that carried out by people who advocate the idea of free exchange and the principles of liberal economics in England in the nineteenth century. Doğru yanıt " B " dir.

The United Nations is an international organization that brings together 193
countries in order to work together for international peace and security, to develop friendly relationships, to promote and develop social progress, better living standards and human rights. Doğru yanıt " D " dir.

The period of the Cold War was the period from the post-World War II to the end of the Soviet Union in 1991, which is dominated by two ideological blocks led by two superpowers (USA and USSR) in political, economic and military terms. Doğru yanıt " E " dir.

The European Single Act is the treaty that has undergone radical changes in the Treaty of Rome, which officially initiated the European Union single market and European Political Cooperation. Doğru yanıt " A " dır.

The Council of Europe, together with the Copenhagen Criteria, has agreed that the enlargement of the European Union will include Central Eastern European Countries and also covers the criteria that countries applying for candidacy must meet before being admitted to full membership. Doğru yanıt " B " dir.

The aim of the social market economy is to integrate the principles of freedom and social equality in the market. Doğru yanıt " C " dir.

In the second half of the 19th century in Japan, the westernization initiated by the Emperor Mutsuhito is called The Meiji Restoration (1868-1912). Doğru yanıt " D " dir.

In 1957, the Taiwan Bank began to give cheap export credits, and in 1958 the government started to implement the Foreign Exchange and Trade Reform Plan. In 1960, the government made three important reforms. Firstly, Investment Incentive Law was enacted to promote Foreign Direct Investment, including domestic investment. The second is the indexing of wages to the exchange rate. Thirdly, export incentive was formed and tariffs was reduced for the purpose of the increase of exports. In the mid-1960s, special factories, export regions and other additional incentives were used to increase exports. As a result of the measures taken, since the 1960s, Taiwan’s trade policy has been realized the transition to export-oriented industrialization policy. Doğru yanıt " E " dir.

The Navigation Act (1651) helped the UK to achieve a great success in foreign trade and to form a strong trading network. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Britain’s open-door policy rather than protectionism is the free trade doctrine which applied long after the Seven Years’ War between England and France. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

The UK was the spokesperson of the conservative reaction of the old regimes in Europe and acted against the danger posed by the French Revolution. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

The US opposed to the idea of colonial empire since it gained its independence from the British Empire. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Globalists views
• Globalization is real and unique
• Globalization is an evolving process reducing continuously the pace of nation-state
• Optimistic view of the outcome of globalization
• increasingly important role played by transnational and multilateral corporations and theemergence
of a new global division of labour
• Multilateralism as the dominant mode of governance
• multi-layered global governance

Doğru yanıt " A " dır.

Globaphilia Vs Globophobia.
Globaphilia
• Emphasizes the positive side of globalization, and deemphasizes its negative sides.
• Positive aspects of globalization include economic growth and spread of democracy and civil liberties.
Globophobia
• emphasizes the negative impact of globalization on the less wealthy people of the world.
• Globalization leads to greater inequality
Middle Ground approach
• All positive and negative issues in this world do not entirely find their root cause into the globalization
process.

Doğru yanıt " B " dir.

Phases of Globalization
• 1st Phase (1860-1914): British economic leadership:

• 2nd Phase (post-WWII-1990): under the leadership of the USA as the world’s super-economic power;

• 3rd Phase (1990-2008): US Economic leadership: 

• 4th phase (2008-present): US and China’s economic leadership: 

Doğru yanıt " C " dir.

THEORIES OF GLOBALIZATION
Each IR theory has its own approach to and understanding of globalization. They offer different perspectives on globalization in accordance their own conceptua-lization of world politics. Each theory responds to the rise of globalization, its
opportunities and limitations based on their own theoretical framework.

Whereas globalization is a long term historical process, internationalization and
regionalization are spatially delimited processes. Despite the fact that internationalization leads to the increasing interdependence between states,
states are still acknowledged as national units. However, globalization is informed by the clear separation of the internal and external spaces. Doğru yanıt " E " dir.

Immanuel Wallerstein
Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein, born on September 28, 1930 is an American sociologist and world-systems analyst, best known for his famous book “The Modern World System” published in 1974. His main arguments in this book is that contrary to empires, the modern world system extensively relies on endless accumulation of capital through economic control of the world order and exploitation of the peripheral countries by the wealthiest core countries and semi-peripheral countries ensuring the continuity and stability of the system. He is currently a Senior Research Scholar at Yale University. Doğru yanıt " A " dır.

George Soros, in his analysis of economic globalization, argues: “The global capitalist system has produced a very uneven playing field” (Soros, 1998: xix) and has reduced significantly the power of the individuals to determine their destiny. Doğru yanıt " B " dir.