POLİTİKA BİLİMİ - Deneme Sınavı - 11

Examples of bicameral systems are the United States, France, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Italy. The legislature is unicameral- made up of only one house. Unicameral systems may be found in countries such as Turkey, China, New Zealand, Norway, and Hungary.

A unitary system of government is a political arrangement where a large proportion of power resides with the central government. Federalism is a political system that brings together separate states within a larger political set-up, but allows for each entity to maintain its own fundamental political integrity. A confederal system is one where loose states agree to abide by the dictates of a powerful central government. In a parliamentary system of government, the executive branch of government derives democratic legitimacy from, and it is accountable to, the legislature. In consensus systems there is relatively more consensus characterized by semi-circular debating chambers.

A criticism of the presidential systems is that it may lead to authoritarianism since they raise the stakes in elections and promote polarization. The advantages of presidential systems are as follows: elections are direct. There is also separation of powers in a presidential system. A president is thought to have strong powers and can enact change quickly if needed, provided that the separation of powers does not become an obstacle. They may be more stable than the parliamentary system, where a prime minister can be dismissed.

It is said that the idea of pluralism comes from ancient Greece.

All European monarchies are constitutional except in Vatican City.

In an autocracy one person controls supreme power over the citizens with little legal restraints on how much power that an individual can exercise.

Democracy is a system of government in which citizens of a state partake in decisionmaking

processes of state affairs.

In an oligarchy, power effectively remains in the hands of small number of individuals.

An autocracy is a system of government in which one person controls supreme power over

the citizens with little legal restraints on how much power that an individual can exercise.

Anarchy is described as a situation in society where a group of people or a single person does

not recognize authority.

A republic is a form of government in which power rests with an elected group of individuals who act on behalf of the citizens.

In a theocracy god or a deity is recognized as the immediate ruler of the state.

Democracy is a system of government in which citizens of a state partake in decisionmaking

processes of state affairs.

In an oligarchy, power effectively remains in the hands of small number

of individuals.

Totalitarianism is a system of government where the state has total control of the society and all

aspects of both public and private life.

Anarchy is described as a situation in society where a group of people or a single person does

not recognize authority.

Historically the concept of sovereignty has referred to "full authority" over a defined territory and/or people. The control of distribution of resources might be the by-product of sovereignty, as the textbook underlines that especially many emergent nations "have struggled for political control since it could also mean control of distribution of resources."

If a nation lacks treaty recognition, it means it lacks international recognition and therefore it is not a state, nation-state, or a sovereign entity.Besides, it cannot be the sole-authority within its borders. Therefore the correct answer is D. As the textbook emphasizes, "if a nation lacks treaty recognition but occupies a defined territory, it can be called a country."

The states other than Nigeria qualify as "mono-nations". As explained in the textbook, Nigeria is not homogeneous, as "the Hausa is the largest single group within Nigeria that has many linguistic/ethnic designations."

"The fear that Chinese might overcome the indigenous Malays in numbers led to the expulsion of Singapore from Malaysia and the formation of an independent state of Singapore."

"The desire to unite all members of a group in one state is called irredentism".

"Economic success can help a government gain legitimacy. The successful transition to democracy in post-war Germany and Japan was assisted by the economic success of the German and Japanese miracles.”

"In the case of the United Kingdom, the movement toward protecting the rights of citizens began with the Magna Carta (Great Charter) in 1215 describing the concept of trial by jury."

"a policy of isolation can have the potential to negate power."

"The Great Silk Road (200 BCE1500 CE) was a number of routes linking China, Central Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe."

Ad hominem

Historical Materialism

Conservatives

Emancipation