ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER TEORİLERİ I - Deneme Sınavı - 7
Dönem Sonu Sınavı67299
Soru 1
In which of the following is the theory and the particular explanatory variable each theory stresses given correctly?
Çözüm Açıklaması
International regimes are “codes of conduct” agreed upon by states to govern their relations in specific areas of international politics. There are three most important theories of international regimes. Each of these theories stress a particular explanatory variable: realist theories emphasize state power; neoliberal theories focus on constellations of interests; and cognitivist theories are concerned with knowledge and ideas. The correct answer is B.
Soru 2
Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages that international regimes provide?
Çözüm Açıklaması
International regimes reduce uncertainties and provide a reference for which behaviors are false or right. In other words, regimes facilitate the identification of violations of rules in social, political and security related fields. Moreover, they also reduce the cost of common effort for those responding to such violations (Perritt, 1998). According to Krasner (1991: 12), regimes make it easier to reach an agreement for parties, since it increases the communication among sides and influence the quality and quantity of knowledge in a positive manner. The correct answer is E.
Soru 3
Which of the above statements are among the ideas of Robert O. Keohare?
Çözüm Açıklaması
Keohane elaborating the concepts of hegemony and cooperation in the study titled as “After Hegemony”, stated that hegemonic leader would assist to establishing order. As well, he noted that hegemony and cooperation would not be opposite concepts since most of the international cooperation was raised in post-Second World War era, in which American hegemonic leadership was an issue. Keohane argues that cooperation would be possible even in the lack of a hegemonic power in case there are international regimes that assist to establish cooperation. The correct answer is E.
Soru 4
Which one is one of the liberal institutionalists' approaches to regimes?
Çözüm Açıklaması
Liberal institutionalists assert that regimes:
The answer is A.
Soru 5
Which of the following assumptions find support in international regimes theory (IRT)?
Çözüm Açıklaması
Regimes are products of efforts to conciliate the conflicting interests, and also consequences of developments through which mutual interdependencies would increase the cost for conflicting relations among nations. Another important reason that leads to the formation of regimes is the multiplicity of interests of states as mentioned above. Therefore, if states don’t have common interests and/or states prefer the unilateral initiatives, then international regime would be impossible. Regimes formed between great powers would be stronger than those formed between weak states. As well, powerful states and coalitions that have vigorous competition cannot establish effective regimes. Therefore if states have less competition and strong common interest, this would lead to powerful regimes. At the same time, as noted earlier, since states would try to reduce costs by establishing regimes, if cost exceeds the benefits, then they would be reluctant to form regimes. For this reason, states should be persuaded and convinced for having common interests. In fact, states would hesitate to form regime in the field of their sovereignty, because regime would limit the sovereign rights of states in those areas in favor of international inspection and sharing their powers with other states. In particular, states would not be willing to share their power about legitimate use of power for internal issues. So they don’t prefer to establish common regimes in these domestic issues if they do not perceive a real threat to their rights inside the country. The correct answer is B.
Soru 6
Which of the above are among the critiques of international regimes?
Çözüm Açıklaması
Theory of International regimes has been criticized for its acceptance of the states as basic actors, and ignorance of the non-state actors. The correct answer is B
Soru 7
________________ is the idea that all of humanity belongs to a single global community. Every human being was seen as a citizen of the world in his capacity of “reason” regardless of bloodlineage and racial origins.
Çözüm Açıklaması
Cosmopolitanism
Soru 8
Natural law moral theory, the moral standards that govern human behavior are, in
some sense, objectively derived from the nature of ______________ and the nature of the __________.
Çözüm Açıklaması
human beings-world
Soru 9
I. An individual has the freedom to choose right, ethic and moral, and his behaviors are not determined in advance.
II. An individual has responsibilities and obligations to perform and to obey to the ethical laws accepted as right by universal reason.
III. The ethical laws are known to individuals, and they are universally obligatory rules for all humankind.
Whose views are stated above?
Çözüm Açıklaması
Kant
Soru 10
“This theory depends on the assumption that the individuals might voluntarily bind themselves to the certain principles. From this point, like stag hunt model of game theory, individuals would sacrifice their small satisfactions to reach a highest satisfaction”.
Which theory is described by the above sentences?
Çözüm Açıklaması
Social contract
Soru 11
__________________ philosophy assumes that the individual who works for his own utility, automatically works for the utility of community.
Çözüm Açıklaması
Utilitarian
Soru 12
_________ refers to the conditions under which states may resort to war or to the use of armed force in general.
Çözüm Açıklaması
Jus ad bellum
Soru 13
I. These theories have features of being voluntarist and eclectic.
II. They look like predictive and explanatory theories rather than being deterministic theories.
III. The propositions of these theories cannot be tested or verified by facts.
IV. These theories are known as educational and instructional theories.
What kind of theories are described by the above sentences?
Çözüm Açıklaması
Normative
Soru 14
Which of the following is not one of the concepts that foreign policy goals are addressed to?
Çözüm Açıklaması
slavery
Soru 15
“This theory states that people, based on respect for the principle of equal rights and fair equality of opportunity, have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no interference. In other words, the right of the people of a particular place to choose the form of government they will have”.
Which theory is described above?
Çözüm Açıklaması
Self-determination
Soru 16
In Chile, Allende who was a democratically elected president was replaced with General Pinochet who was a military dictator and the US tried to justify this with a policy of prevention of communist threat. What is the name of this operation?
Çözüm Açıklaması
Covert
Soru 17
Which of the following is TRUE about normative theories in late 20th century?
Çözüm Açıklaması
After 1960s, technological and ideological developments contributed to the arising of normative theories. During that decade, popular methodological debate was on the empirical/analytical theories and methodologies, and the scholars put aside the normative theories, and escaped to use normative standards and concepts such as right or wrong and just or unjust assumed as old fashion for the field of IR. Empirical/analytical theories in these years could not cope with the problems of difference among political institutions, practices and values. In 1970s, post-behavioral revolution emerged as a challenge against the so called behavioral revolution of 1960s, since behavioralism could not answer the contemporary needs, and became abstract by distancing from real world and ignoring the ideological elements for consideration of empirical conservatism. In this framework, some concepts such as value, purpose and preference lost their importance. Therefore, post-behavioralism moved to fill this gap, and in 1980s the problem was still not completely overcome, but at least normative theories regained their popularity. It was required to adopt a new idealist viewpoint that moral values would play significant role for policy making processes to reach a stable and peaceful world. In this framework, post-behavioralist scholars founded a theory which could be verified by empirical observations through synthesizing moral principles of liberal thought and rigid conservatism of realist approach (Dougherty and Pfaltzgraff, 1990: 565-66). The correct answer is D.
Soru 18
Which of the following describes the idea that all of humanity belongs to a single global community?
Çözüm Açıklaması
Cosmopolitanism is the idea that all of humanity belongs to a single global community. The correct answer is C.
Soru 19
Which of the above statements are among the basic principles of normative theories?
Çözüm Açıklaması
Normative theories, essentially are related with the subjects of philosophy and ethic. Value is always an important element for the background of normative studies, and such theories placed the discussion of politics in the context of morality. However, normative theories rest on value preferences which cannot be tested or verified with factual experiments and this is an important difference from empirical/positivist theories. Moreover, they are not concerned with the proposition related to “what is” but “what ought to be, what should be”. Normative scholars are against and they object to the thesis of relativity of ethic and value. Kantian, utilitarian and social contract insights are approaches that rest on universality of values. The correct answer is E.
Soru 20
Which of the following schools of thought does not accept the universality of some values?
Çözüm Açıklaması
Scholars that base their arguments on relativism refuse cosmopolitanism. In other words, they do not accept the universality of some values. The correct answer is A.
